Calculate field values

Field calculations allow the hosted feature layer owner or organization administrator to alter the values of every row for a single field in the attribute table of a layer.

For example, if you have a hosted feature layer that stores information on property sales—including the sale price and tax rate for the property location—you could add a field to the layer to store estimated property taxes. To populate the estimated_property_taxes field, define a calculation expression for the field that takes the values in the sale_price field and multiplies them by the tax_rate values.

You have two options when writing calculation expressions on fields in layers in a hosted feature layer:

  • ArcGIS ArcadeArcade is ideal for calculations that require more functionality than SQL, as Arcade provides access to attribute values and feature geometry, allowing you to create expressions that include spatial operations. Additionally, if an error occurs while calculating a particular row, you can stop and troubleshoot the problem, and start the calculation again after you correct the problem.

    Note:

    The ArcGIS API for JavaScript versions 3.44 and later will not be updated with the latest ArcGIS Arcade language features. Arcade expressions authored in JavaScript API apps at version 3.44 or later will only support Arcade language features introduced in Arcade version 1.21 or earlier. To learn more about Arcade language support across ArcGIS products, see the Arcade version matrix.

  • SQL—Use SQL for the fastest performance with calculations that can be performed with standardized SQL (SQL-92) expressions on nonspatial attributes. You can run SQL on sync-enabled hosted feature layers and layers configured to track feature creators and editors, whereas you cannot run Arcade expressions on such layers.

The next section explains how to calculate values for a field from the details page of a hosted feature layer. Subsequent sections provide examples for common calculations.

Calculate values for a field

Follow these steps to calculate string, numeric, or date field values in a field.

Note:
Field calculations cannot be undone. For this reason, a good practice is to add a field, calculate values into it, and confirm the calculation is what you wanted. If it is, you can then calculate the original field to equal the added field. Once you confirm the values are correct in the original field, you can delete the field you added.

  1. From the layer's item page, click the Data tab to show the table.
    Tip:

    You can also perform these steps from the table in Map Viewer Classic.

  2. Click the column containing the values you want to calculate.
  3. Do one of the following to open the Calculate Field dialog box:
    • Click Calculate.
    • Click Show Detailed View > Calculate.
  4. Choose the language to use for your calculation, either Arcade or SQL.

    If the hosted feature layer has sync enabled or is configured to keep track of who creates and updates features, you do not see this page. Instead, the SQL window appears.

  5. Compose a calculation expression.
    • For SQL, use basic operators, a field list, and functions. Click the Validate button to ensure there are no errors in the expression. If the expression is invalid, click the Remove button and compose a new one. When the expression is complete and valid, click Calculate.
    • For Arcade, use global variables, functions, and constants. Click OK to run the expression. If an error occurs when running the expression, you can click Review Error to open the expression window so you can fix the error. Otherwise, click Cancel. If you correct the expression and run it again, the calculation starts over.

The time it takes for the calculation to complete depends on the expression's complexity and the number of features in your layer.

Example calculations

The following sections provide example syntax for performing common calculations in ArcGIS Online.

Perform a mathematical operation on numeric values in two existing fields to populate a third field

One of the most common calculations you perform is to derive a new numeric value based on existing values in your feature layer. For example, you might subtract one year's sales totals for all your stores from sales totals from another year to find the change in profit from one year to the next, or you might divide the total number of residents under 18 years of age by the total population to determine the fraction of the population that is under 18.

Arcade examples

Calculate the difference between the values of two numeric fields, Sales2016 and Sales2017, to populate a numeric field.

$feature.Sales2016 - $feature.Sales2017

SQL examples

Populate a numeric field with a decimal number that is the result of calculating what portion of the population is under 18 years of age.

PopUnder18/TotalPop

Concatenate string values from existing fields into a new string field

Another calculation that populates a new field involves combining values from existing string fields. For example, you might have two string fields for room locations in a hotel—Floor and Room—and you want to combine them into a string field that contains both.

In the following examples, values for the Floor and Room fields will be combined into a single field.

Arcade example

Concatenate($feature.room,$feature.floor)

SQL example

CONCAT(Floor,Room)

Remove trailing or leading spaces from string fields

When people type or paste values into a field when they're editing, they can make mistakes and leave a trailing or leading space on the text. You can clean up these mistakes by trimming the values.

In these examples, you know that the editor added a trailing space when pasting New Hampshire into the field that stores state names, so you will trim the space from the end of the string.

Arcade example

Trim('New Hampshire ')

SQL example

Trim(TRAILING ' ' FROM 'New Hampshire ')

Populate a field with different values depending on values in another field

Sometimes, the value you want added to a field varies by feature and depends on another value for the same feature. For example, you can add a string field to the feature layer to store text that describes a numeric or abbreviated string value in another field. As the SQL calculation interface does not support this, use Arcade for these types of calculations.

Arcade example

The following example conditionally writes different string values—None, Low, High, or Other—to a text field based on a number in another field in the layer (HowMany).

When(
  $feature.HowMany == 0, "None",
  $feature.HowMany == 1, "Low",
  $feature.HowMany == 2,  "High",
"Other")

Replace one value with another

If you need to replace an existing value with another—for example, if the way you represent a particular value has changed or you need to correct mistyped values—you can find all the existing values for a field and replace them with a new value. As the SQL calculation interface does not support this, use Arcade for these types of calculations.

Caution:

Calculations are immediately saved to the feature layer. If you overwrite an existing value in error, you'll need to calculate again to change the value back.

Arcade example

This example uses the Replace function to change the British spelling (colour) to the American spelling.

Replace($feature.color, 'colour', 'color')

Determine the density of a numeric attribute per feature area

To calculate the density of one attribute in an area, use an Arcade expression, as you cannot perform SQL calculations on the spatial field from the calculation interface.

Arcade example

This example determines population density per feature by dividing the total population value (TotalPop) by the area in square miles of the polygon feature:

$feature.TotalPop / Area ($feature,
'square-miles')

Derive the coordinate for a point feature

You can use an Arcade expression to return the longitude or latitude coordinate for the spatial fields in a hosted feature layer that contains only points.

This type of calculation is not supported on the spatial field from the calculation interface.

Arcade example

This example calculates a field to the x-coordinate for each point in a point layer using the Geometry function.

Geometry($feature).x

Add time to or subtract time from a date

You may want to add time to or subtract time from a date field or date literal value to produce an updated date field. For example, you can calculate a future inspection or review date by adding time to a date.

Arcade example

This example uses the DateAdd function to add seven days to a date to obtain the following week's date.

var startDate = Date($feature.dateField);
var oneWeekLater = DateAdd(startDate, 7, 'days');
return oneWeekLater;

SQL examples

The following calculations can be used to add time to or subtract time from a date field or using an SQL-supported date literal value. The first one uses date fields and the second uses date literal values. Number fields and number literals can also be used. Any combination of fields and literals is supported, as shown in the third and fourth calculations.

<DateField> +/- <NumberField> = updated date
DATE'<SQL-supported Date Literal>'  +/- <Number of Days> = updated date
<DateField> +/- <Number of Days> = updated date
DATE'<SQL-supported Date Literal >'  +/- <NumberField> = updated date

The calculated date field is the original date plus or minus the number of days you want to add or subtract. The number of days can be a whole number and can also include a fraction—for example, 1.5 would represent one and a half days, or 36 hours.

In the following example, a piece of machinery is installed 6/14/2016 at 10:00 a.m. You could use either of the following calculations to produce an inspection date one month (30 days) after this installation date. The first calculation uses a date field with a value of 6/14/2016 and a number field with a value of 30, while the second one uses a date literal and a number literal.

<MyDateField> + <MyNumberField> = 7/14/2016 10:00 AM
DATE'6/14/2016' + 30 = 7/14/2016 10:00 AM

Calculate the difference between two dates

You might want to calculate the length of time between two dates. For example, if you have the installation dates for electric meters and you also have inspection dates, you can calculate the difference between the two dates to verify that the length of time between installation and inspection falls within allowable guidelines. The result of the calculation is a number field rather than a date field.

Arcade example

The following example uses the DateDiff function to calculate a person's age by finding the difference between a current date (endDate) and the person's birth date (startDate):

var startDate = Date($feature.startDateField);
var endDate = Date($feature.endDateField);
var age = DateDiff(endDate, startDate, 'years');
return age;

SQL examples

Any combination of date fields and date literals can be used to calculate the length of time between two dates. The first calculation below uses a date field, while the second uses a date literal. The third and fourth calculations use both a date field and a date literal.

<DateField1> - <DateField2> = number of days in between
DATE'<SQL-supported Date Literal>' - DATE'< SQL-supported Date Literal>' = number of days in between
<DateField1> - DATE'<SQL-supported Date Literal>' = number of days in between
DATE'<SQL-supported Date Literal>' - <DateField2>  = number of days in between

The result is a number field that is calculated by subtracting one date field or literal from another date field or literal. The number result (in days) can be a whole number and can also include a fraction—for example, 1.5 would represent one and a half days, or 36 hours.

In the electric meter inspection example mentioned above, any of the following calculations can be used to calculate the length of time between an installation date of 6/1/2015 and an inspection date of 10/1/2015. The first calculation uses date fields, the second uses date literals, and the third and fourth use both a date field and a date literal.

<InspectionDateField> - <InstallationDateField> = 122 (days)
DATE'10/1/2015' - DATE'6/1/2015' = 122 (days)
<InspectionDateField> - DATE'6/1/2015' = 122 (days)
DATE'10/1/2015' - <InstallationDateField> = 122 (days)

Considerations when calculating field values

  • If you have a filter on your layer in the map, only the records that meet the filter criteria will have their values calculated.
  • When writing SQL expressions, Calculate Field works only with field names, not with field aliases. The Fields list shows you all the field names available for calculations. You can filter this list by the field types String, Numeric, and Date.
    • If you hover over a field name in the Fields list, the field alias and field type are displayed.
    • If you click a field name in the Fields list, the field is added to the expression.
  • You cannot calculate field values in copies of hosted feature layers or for hosted feature layers that have related tile layers.
  • Calculated values are not propagated from the hosted feature layer or view to dependent hosted scene layers.
  • Locale-specific formatting is not supported for numbers in SQL expressions. For example, you must use a decimal point separator for attribute table values rather than a comma separator when the locale is set to Spain.
  • You cannot use the numeric MOD function on double fields. Cast the field to an integer as shown in the example.
  • You cannot write Arcade expressions for hosted feature layers that have sync enabled or are configured to track who created and last updated features.
  • You cannot use Arcade to calculate values for the following field data types in a feature layer's item details page:
    • Big integer
    • Date only
    • Time only
    • Timestamp offset

    Note:
    When any layer in a hosted feature layer contains these data types, Arcade calculations are disabled for the entire hosted feature layer, even those sublayers that do not contain unsupported data types.

Standardized SQL (SQL-92) reference

When you write an SQL expression to calculate field values, use standardized SQL. This section provides a list of the operators and SQL functions you can use for SQL calculations in ArcGIS Online.

After you've created your SQL expression, click the Calculate button. If there are any errors, an error message appears at the bottom of the dialog box. Correct the expression syntax and calculate again.

Operators

On the Calculate Field dialog box, you can build simple SQL expressions using operators such as plus, minus, multiply, and divide. Examples and tips for using these operators are as follows:

  • To multiply all values in a numeric field named SAMPLE by 100.0, type SAMPLE * 100.0 for the expression.
  • For more complex equations, you can use the parentheses to specify the order of calculations, for example, SAMPLE * (BASELINE - 40).
  • Math operators do not work with string fields. You'll need to use the string functions described in the String functions section.
  • If you are calculating a field of type double to a field of type integer, the CAST function may be automatically added to your expression. For example, if you're calculating a double field named POP to an integer field named SAMPLE, the expression will appear as CAST(SAMPLE AS FLOAT). Do not remove the CAST function. See Numeric functions below for information on the CAST function.
  • To include an apostrophe in the string, use two single quotation marks for the apostrophe. For example, 'Nightingale''s'. Do not use a double quotation mark.

Functions

In addition to simple expressions using operators, you can also use functions to build SQL expressions. Functions work with field names, literals, and other functions. For example, suppose you need to calculate a double field to be TOTALPOP divided by POP18. If any feature has a POP18 equal to zero, the calculation will result in a divide-by-zero error. You can guard against this using the NULLIF function described below. The expression would be TOTALPOP / NULLIF(POP18, 0).

Functions take arguments. In the tables below, any argument can be as follows:

  • A field name, as long as the field type matches the argument type (string, number, or date).
  • A literal, such as 'Sailboat' (a string surrounded by single quotation marks), the number 5, or a date in MM/DD/YYYY hh:mm:ss format, surrounded by single quotation marks.
  • A function that returns a value of the proper type (string, number, or date). For example, FLOOR(POWER(SAMP_ERR, 0.5)) returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the square root of SAMP_ERR.

For illustrative purposes, the examples in the description column of the following tables mostly use literal arguments. You can substitute a field name or another function for these arguments.

Date functions

Several calculations can be performed on date fields. For example, you can add or subtract time from a date field or calculate the difference between two date fields.

Before working with date fields, read these important considerations.

You can use any combination of date and number fields and literals when calculating date fields. When using date literals, you must use SQL-supported date formats.

The following date functions are available:

FunctionDescription

CURRENT_DATE()

Returns the current date in UTC time.

What you see in the client depends on the client you're using. In ArcGIS Online, dates are shown in the time zone for your organization or profile.

CURRENT_TIME()

Returns the current UTC date and time (hours, minutes, seconds).

What you see in the client depends on the client you're using. In ArcGIS Online, time is displayed in the local time of your organization or profile.

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()

Returns the current UTC date and time (hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds).

What you see in the client depends on the client you're using. In ArcGIS Online, time is displayed in the local time of your organization or profile.

EXTRACT(<unit> FROM <date>)

Returns a single part (<unit>) of the specified <date>. Possible <unit> values include but are not limited to year, month, day, hour, and minute.

Examples

  • EXTRACT(MONTH FROM 12/21/2016)—returns 12.
  • EXTRACT(DAY FROM 12/21/2016 12:00)—returns 21.
  • EXTRACT(HOUR FROM 12/21/2016 15:00)—returns 15.

Numeric functions

FunctionDescription

ABS(<number>)

Returns the absolute (positive) value of the number you specify.

CEILING(<number>)

Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the specified number.

Example

  • CEILING(12.93)—result is 13.

COS(<number>)

Returns the trigonometric cosine of <number>, which is assumed to be an angle in radians.

CAST(<number> AS FLOAT | INT)

Converts a number to a different type. FLOAT converts the specified number to a double and INT converts it to an integer.

FLOOR(<number>)

Returns the largest integer that is less than or equal to the specified number.

Example

  • FLOOR(12.93)—result is 12.

LOG(<number>)

The natural logarithm of the specified number.

LOG10(<number>)

The base-10 logarithm of the specified number.

MOD(<number>, <n>)

Returns the remainder after the dividend (<number>) is divided by the divisor <n>. Both <n> and <number> must be of type integer.

Examples include the following:

  • MOD(10, 4)—result is 2.
  • MOD(CAST(DBLFIELD AS INT), 4)DBLFIELD is a field of type double, so the CAST function is needed to convert values from double to integer.

NULLIF(<number>, <value>)

Returns null if the specified number equals the specified value. NULLIF is commonly used to prevent divide-by-zero errors by setting <value> to 0.

Whenever a calculation encounters a null field value in any of its arguments, the result of the calculation is null.

For example, suppose you need to calculate a double field to be TOTALPOP divided by POP18. If any feature has a POP18 value that equals zero, the calculation will result in a divide-by-zero error. You could create a filter to hide records where POP18 is zero, and perform your calculation. A shortcut is to use NULLIF.

  • TOTALPOP / NULLIF(POP18, 0)—returns null if POP18 is equal to zero; otherwise, the value of TOTALPOP / POP18 is returned.

POWER(<number> , <y>)

Returns the value of the specified number raised to the specified power (<y>).

ROUND(<number> , <length>)

Rounds the number you specify to the specified length.

If you use a positive number for the <length>, the number is rounded to the decimal position specified by <length>. When <length> is a negative number, the specified <number> is rounded on the left side of the decimal point.

Examples

  • ROUND(10.9934,2)—returns 10.99.
  • ROUND(10.9964,2)—returns 11.00.
  • ROUND(111.0,-2)—returns 100.00.

SIN(<number>)

Returns the trigonometric sine of the specified <number>, which is assumed to be an angle in radians.

TAN(<number>)

Returns the tangent of the specified <number>, which is assumed to be an angle in radians.

TRUNCATE(<number>,<decimal_place>)

Truncates the <number> at the specified <decimal_place>.

A positive <decimal_place> truncates to the decimal position specified. When <decimal_place> is a negative number, the <number> is truncated on the left side of the decimal point.

Examples

  • TRUNCATE(111.996,2)—returns 111.99.
  • TRUNCATE(111.996,-2)—returns 100.00.

String functions

FunctionDescription

CHAR_LENGTH(<string>)

Returns the number of characters in the specified string. The result is an integer.

Example

  • CHAR_LENGTH('Redlands')—result is 8.

CONCAT(<string1>, <string2>)

Concatenates two string values.

Only two strings can be provided. To concatenate more than two strings, nest consecutive CONCAT functions as shown below.

Examples

  • CONCAT('A', 'B')—result is 'AB'.
  • CONCAT('A', CONCAT(':', 'B'))—result is 'A:B'.

Null values are converted to an empty string.

POSITION(<substring>, <string>)

Returns the position of the first occurrence of the specified substring in the string you specify. If the specified substring is not found, the result is 0.

Examples

  • POSITION('boat', 'Sailboat')—result is 5.
  • POSITION('motor', 'Sailboat')—result is 0.

SUBSTRING(<string>, <start>, <length>)

Returns a part of a string value; <start> is an integer index specifying where the returned characters start, and <length> is the number of characters to be returned.

Examples

  • SUBSTRING('Sailboat', 5, 4)—result is 'boat'.
  • SUBSTRING('Sailboat', 1, 4)—result is 'Sail'.
  • SUBSTRING('Sailboat', 5, 100)—result is 'boat'.

TRIM(BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING ' ' FROM <string>)

Returns a string where all leading or trailing spaces are removed from the string you specify.

Example

  • TRIM(BOTH ' ' FROM ' San Bernardino ')—result is 'San Bernardino'.

Note that the second argument is two single quotation marks with a space between them.

UPPER(<string>)

Returns a string where all characters are converted to uppercase.

Example

  • UPPER('Sailboat')—result is 'SAILBOAT'.

LOWER(<string>)

Returns a string where all characters are converted to lowercase.

Example

  • LOWER('Sailboat')—result is 'sailboat'.