| Label | Explanation | Data Type |
Input point features | The input point features containing the z-values to be interpolated into a surface raster. | Feature Layer |
Z value field | The field that holds a height or magnitude value for each point. This can be a numeric field or the Shape field if the input point features contain z-values. | Field |
Output cell size (Optional) | The cell size of the output raster that will be created. This parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn't been explicitly specified as the parameter value, the environment cell size value will be used if specified; otherwise, additional rules will be used to calculate it from the other inputs. See the usage section for more detail. | Analysis Cell Size |
Output variance of prediction raster (Optional) | Optional output raster where each cell contains the predicted variance values for that location. | Raster Dataset |
Available with Spatial Analyst license.
Available with 3D Analyst license.
Summary
Interpolates a raster surface from points using kriging.
The Empirical Bayesian Kriging tool provides enhanced functionality or performance.
Usage
Kriging is a processor-intensive process. The speed of execution is dependent on the number of points in the input dataset and the size of the search window.
Low values within the optional output variance of prediction raster indicate a high degree of confidence in the predicted value. High values may indicate a need for more data points.
The Universal kriging types assume that there is a structural component present and that the local trend varies from one location to another.
The Semivariogram properties allow control of the semivariogram used for kriging. A default value for Lag size is initially set to the default output cell size. For Major range, Partial sill, and Nugget, a default value will be calculated internally if nothing is specified.
The optional output variance of prediction raster contains the kriging variance at each output raster cell. Assuming the kriging errors are normally distributed, there is a 95.5 percent probability that the actual z-value at the cell is the predicted raster value, plus or minus two times the square root of the value in the variance raster.
The Output cell size parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn’t been explicitly specified as the parameter value, it is derived from the Cell Size environment if it has been specified. If the parameter cell size or the environment cell size have not been specified, but the Snap Raster environment has been set, the cell size of the snap raster is used. If nothing is specified, the cell size is calculated from the shorter of the width or height of the extent divided by 250 in which the extent is in the output coordinate system specified in the environment.
If the cell size is specified using a numeric value, the tool will use it directly for the output raster.
If the cell size is specified using a raster dataset, the parameter will show the path of the raster dataset instead of the cell size value. The cell size of that raster dataset will be used directly in the analysis, provided the spatial reference of the dataset is the same as the output spatial reference. If the spatial reference of the dataset is different than the output spatial reference, it will be projected based on the specified Cell Size Projection Method value.
Some input datasets may have several points with the same x,y coordinates. If the values of the points at the common location are the same, they are considered duplicates and have no effect on the output. If the values are different, they are considered coincident points.
The various interpolation tools may handle this data condition differently. For example, in some cases, the first coincident point encountered is used for the calculation; in other cases, the last point encountered is used. This may cause some locations in the output raster to have different values than what you might expect. The solution is to prepare your data by removing these coincident points. The Collect Events tool in the Spatial Statistics toolbox is useful for identifying any coincident points in your data.
For data formats that support Null values, such as file geodatabase feature classes, a Null value will be ignored when used as input.
Parameters
Kriging(in_point_features, z_field, {cell_size}, {out_variance_prediction_raster})| Name | Explanation | Data Type |
in_point_features | The input point features containing the z-values to be interpolated into a surface raster. | Feature Layer |
z_field | The field that holds a height or magnitude value for each point. This can be a numeric field or the Shape field if the input point features contain z-values. | Field |
cell_size (Optional) | The cell size of the output raster that will be created. This parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn't been explicitly specified as the parameter value, the environment cell size value will be used if specified; otherwise, additional rules will be used to calculate it from the other inputs. See the usage section for more detail. | Analysis Cell Size |
out_variance_prediction_raster (Optional) | Optional output raster where each cell contains the predicted variance values for that location. | Raster Dataset |